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The
major fields of Education and Childcare are Teacher
Assistants and Childcare Workers
Teacher assistants provide instructional
and clerical support for classroom teachers, allowing teachers more
time for lesson planning and teaching. Teacher assistants tutor
and assist children in learning class material using the teacher's
lesson plans, providing students with individualized attention.
Teacher assistants also supervise students in the cafeteria, schoolyard,
school discipline center, or on field trips. They record grades,
set up equipment, and help prepare materials for instruction. Teacher
assistants are also called teacher aides or instructional aides.
Some refer to themselves as paraeducators.
Some teacher
assistants perform exclusively noninstructional or clerical tasks,
such as monitoring nonacademic settings. Playground and lunchroom
attendants are examples of such assistants. Most teacher assistants,
however, perform a combination of instructional and clerical duties.
They generally instruct children, under the direction and guidance
of teachers. They work with students individually or in small groupslistening
while students read, reviewing or reinforcing classwork, or helping
them find information for reports. At the secondary school level,
teacher assistants often specialize in a certain subject, such as
math or science. Teacher assistants often take charge of special
projects and prepare equipment or exhibits, such as for a science
demonstration. Some assistants work in computer laboratories, helping
students using computers and educational software programs.
In addition
to instructing, assisting, and supervising students, teacher assistants
grade tests and papers, check homework, keep health and attendance
records, type, file, and duplicate materials. They also stock supplies,
operate audiovisual equipment, and keep classroom equipment in order.
Many teacher
assistants work extensively with special education students. As
schools become more inclusive, integrating special education students
into general education classrooms, teacher assistants in general
education and special education classrooms increasingly assist students
with disabilities. Teacher assistants attend to a disabled student's
physical needs, including feeding, teaching good grooming habits,
or assisting students riding the school bus. They also provide personal
attention to students with other special needs, such as those whose
families live in poverty, or students who speak English as a second
language, or who need remedial education. Teacher assistants help
assess a student's progress by observing performance and recording
relevant data.
Teacher assistants
also work with infants and toddlers who are disabled or developmentally
delayed. Under the guidance of a teacher or therapist, teacher assistants
perform exercises or play games to help the child develop physically
and behaviorally. Some teacher assistants work with young adults
helping them obtain a job or apply for community services for the
disabled.
Childcare
workers
nurture and teach children of all ages in childcare centers, nursery
schools, preschools, public schools, private households, family
childcare homes, and before- and after-school programs. These workers
play an important role in a child's development by caring for the
child when parents are at work or away for other reasons. Some parents
enroll their children in nursery schools or childcare centers primarily
to provide them with the opportunity to interact with other children.
In addition to attending to children's basic needs, these workers
organize activities that stimulate the children's physical, emotional,
intellectual, and social growth. They help children explore their
interests, develop their talents and independence, build self-esteem,
and learn how to behave with others.
Private household
workers who are employed on an hourly basis usually are called baby-sitters.
These childcare workers bathe, dress, and feed children; supervise
their play; wash their clothes; and clean their rooms. They also
may put them to sleep and waken them, read to them, involve them
in educational games, take them for doctors' visits, and discipline
them. Those who are in charge of infants, sometimes called infant
nurses, also prepare bottles and change diapers.
Nannies generally
take care of children from birth to age 10 or 12, tending to the
child's early education, nutrition, health, and other needs. They
also may perform the duties of a general housekeeper, including
general cleaning and laundry duties.
Childcare workers
spend most of their day working with children. However, they do
maintain contact with parents or guardians through informal meetings
or scheduled conferences to discuss each child's progress and needs.
Many childcare workers keep records of each child's progress and
suggest ways that parents can increase their child's learning and
development at home. Some preschools, childcare centers, and before-
and after-school programs actively recruit parent volunteers to
work with the children and participate in administrative decisions
and program planning.
Most childcare
workers perform a combination of basic care and teaching duties.
Through many basic care activities, childcare workers provide opportunities
for children to learn. For example, a worker who shows a child how
to tie a shoelace teaches the child while also providing for that
child's basic care needs. Childcare programs help children learn
about trust and gain a sense of security.
Young children
learn mainly through play. Recognizing the importance of play, childcare
workers build their program around it. They capitalize on children's
play to further language development (storytelling and acting games),
improve social skills (working together to build a neighborhood
in a sandbox), and introduce scientific and mathematical concepts
(balancing and counting blocks when building a bridge or mixing
colors when painting). Thus, a less structured approach is used
to teach preschool children, including small group lessons, one-on-one
instruction, and learning through creative activities, such as art,
dance, and music.
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